Abstract :

In this article we will study Greek city Athens . How Athens work. After reading this article you can gain to the point and full understanding about the Greek city Athens.

Athens, the capital of Greece, is a historic and cultural hub renowned for its ancient origins, democracy's birthplace, and iconic landmarks like the Acropolis. Its rich legacy includes contributions to philosophy, art, and literature, making it a global symbol of classical civilization. Modern Athens blends its historical treasures with a vibrant urban atmosphere, making it a captivating destination for travelers worldwide.

The city of Athens

Athens is one of the extremely good cities of the sector. During the time of the Ancient Greeks it was the center of electricity, art, science, and philosophy inside the international. Athens is one of the oldest cities inside the international as well, with recorded records going lower back over 3400 years. It is the delivery vicinity of democracy and the coronary heart of the Ancient Greek civilization.

City of Athens

Named after Athena

Athens is named after the Greek goddess Athena. She became the goddess of awareness, conflict, and civilization and the client of the city of Athens. Her shrine, the Parthenon, sits on pinnacle of a hill within the middle of the metropolis.

The Agora

The agora changed into the middle of trade and authorities for historic Athens. It had a big open location for meetings which changed into surrounded by using buildings. Many of the buildings were temples, along with temples built to Zeus, Hephaestus, and Apollo. Some of the homes have been government buildings like the Mint, in which coins were made, and the Strategeion, where the ten army leaders of Athens referred to as the Strategoi met.

The agora became an area for human beings to fulfill and talk thoughts on philosophy and authorities. This is the area in which the democracy of historic Greece first came to lifestyles.

The Acropolis

The Acropolis become constructed on a hill inside the middle of the town of Athens. Surrounded via stone partitions, it become at first constructed as a fort and fortress where the humans ought to retreat whilst the town changed into attacked. Later, many temples and homes had been constructed here to overlook the town. It become still used as a fort for a while, however.

At the center of the Acropolis is the Parthenon. This building changed into dedicated to the goddess Athena and was also used to save gold. Other temples were in the acropolis which includes the Temple of Athena Nike and the Erchtheum.

On the slope of the acropolis had been theatres wherein plays and festivals were celebrated. The largest changed into the Theatre of Dionysus, god of wine and patron of the theatre. There have been competitions held right here to peer who had written the nice play. Up to twenty-five,000 human beings should attend and the layout was so proper that all ought to see and listen the play.

The Peloponnesian war

Peloponnesian war

The Peloponnesian War become fought among the Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta. It lasted from 431 BC to 404 BC. Athens ended up losing the battle, bringing an stop to the golden age of Ancient Greece.

Where did the call Peloponnesian come from?

The word Peloponnesian comes from the name of the peninsula in southern Greece known as the Peloponnese. This peninsula become home to some of the wonderful Greek town-states such as Sparta, Argos, Corinth, and Messene.

Before the War

After the Persian War, Athens and Sparta had agreed to a Thirty Year Peace. They did not need to combat each different even as they were trying to recover from the Persian War. During this time, Athens became powerful and wealthy and the Athenian empire grew underneath the leadership of Pericles.

Sparta and its allies have become an increasing number of jealous and distrustful of Athens. Finally, in 431 BC, when Sparta and Athens ended up on unique aspects in a battle over the town of Corinth, Sparta declared war on Athens.

The First War

The first Peloponnesian War lasted for 10 years. During this time the Spartans ruled the land and the Athenians dominated the sea. Athens constructed long walls all the way from the metropolis to its seaport Piraeus. This enabled them to live within the town and also have get entry to to change and resources from their ships.

Although the Spartans in no way breached the partitions of Athens during the first struggle, many humans died inside the city due to plague. This covered the notable leader and well known of Athens, Pericles.

Peace of Nicias

After ten years of conflict, in 421 BC Athens and Sparta agreed to a truce. It became called the Peace of Nicias, named after the overall of the Athenian navy.

Athens Attacks Sicily

In 415 BC, Athens decided to assist one in every of their allies on the island of Sicily. They despatched a large pressure there to attack the metropolis of Syracuse. Athens lost the battle horribly and Sparta determined to retaliate starting the Second Peloponnesian War.

The Second War

The Spartans began to acquire allies to conquer Athens. They even enlisted the assist of the Persians who lent them money to build a fleet of warships. Athens, but recovered and won a series of battles among 410 and 406 BC.

Athens is Defeated

In 405 BC the Spartan preferred Lysander defeated the Athenian fleet in conflict. With the fleet defeated, the human beings in the town of Athens started to starve. They did not have the military to take on the Spartans on land. In 404 BC the town of Athens surrendered to the Spartans.

The metropolis-states of Corinth and Thebes wanted the city of Athens destroyed and the human beings enslaved. However, Sparta disagreed. They made the metropolis tear down its walls, but refused to break the metropolis or enslave its people.

Interesting Facts approximately the Peloponnesian War

The first principal war between Athens and Sparta is regularly referred to as the Archidamian War after Sparta's King Archidamus II.

The "long walls" of Athens had been around four ½ miles lengthy each. The entire duration of the walls across the town and the ports became around 22 miles.

After Sparta defeated Athens, they ended democracy and set up a brand new authorities dominated by using the "Thirty Tyrants". This best lasted for 365 days, however, because the local Athenians overthrew the tyrants and restored democracy.

The Greek infantrymen have been called hoplites. They usually fought with shields, a brief sword, and a spear.

Sparta turned into defeated by means of Thebes in 371 BC on the Battle of Leuctra.

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